set Cookies in php

<?php
/*

symtax:

setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain);

*/


//it expires after 5 seconds
setcookie("user", "human", time()+5);
//it expires after 60 sec or 1 min
setcookie("user", "human", time()+60);
//it expires after 3600 sec or 1 hour
setcookie("user", "human", time()+3600);


//expire using varable
//it expires after 10 seconds
$time=10;
setcookie("visitor", "humans", time()+$time);

// note : normally "echo" not use in "setcookies" file
?>

output :


note :

1)no output display here

2)but cookies set

associative arrays in php

<?php

$alphabate=array('A'=>'APPLE','a'=>'apple','B'=>'BALL','b'=>'ball','C'=>'CAT','c'=>'cat','D'=>'DOLL','d'=>'doll','E'=>'ELEPHANT','e'=>'elephant');


print_r($alphabate);

// '<BR>' USE FOR NEW LINE
// 'A' is not equal to 'a' in arrays index
// '.' use for concatenation

echo '<br><br><br>'.
$alphabate['A'].'<br>';
echo $alphabate['a'].'<br>';
echo $alphabate['B'].'<br>';
echo $alphabate['b'].'<br>';
echo $alphabate['C'].'<br>';
echo $alphabate['c'].'<br>';
echo $alphabate['D'].'<br>';
echo $alphabate['d'].'<br>';
echo $alphabate['E'].'<br>';
echo $alphabate['e'].'<br>';

?>

output :

Array ( [A] => APPLE [a] => apple [B] => BALL [b] => ball [C] => CAT [c] => cat [D] => DOLL [d] => doll [E] => ELEPHANT [e] => elephant )


APPLE
apple
BALL
ball
CAT
cat
DOLL
doll
ELEPHANT
elephant

PHP increment and decrement operators

In PHP the ++ and the -- sign are increment and decrement operators. Increment means increase and decrement means decrease that means increment operator increase the variable value and decrement operator decrease the variable value.

The PHP increment operator increases it's variable value by one and the PHP decrement operator decreases it's variable value by one.

Suppose that we have a variable $x. We want to increase it's value one. Consider the statement below 

$x=10 but we want to increase it's value one so that the new form is 

$x=$x+1

We can rewrite this by using PHP increment operator: 

$x++;

Similarly in PHP decrement operator we can write $x--; 

Each PHP increment and decrement operators has two types: 

(++$x) Pre-increment : It first increment $x value one and then return the value of $X.

($x++) Post-increment :It first return $x value and then increment the value of $x.
(--$x) Pre-decrement : It first decrement $x value one and then return the value of $x.

($x--) Post-decrement : It return $x value and then decrement one.

Now we want to see an example that describe how actually works PHP increment and decrement operators.

<?php
$a=20;
echo ++$a;
echo "<br>";
echo $a++;
echo "<br>";
$b=30;
echo --$b;
echo "<br>";
echo $b--;
?> 

Output: 
21
21
29
29

FindProxyForURL - Parse a PAC (proxy auto config) file in PHP

A PAC file is a Javascript file evaluated by web browsers to determine which proxy server to use for certain URL's.

Here's a working example of using the php_spidermonkey extension to run a proxy auto config script (javascript) in PHP.

All you need is a PAC file to test it.  You can write your own following instructions across the web, here is a guide: http://www.ee.ed.ac.uk/%7Emfg/work/proxy-live.html

There is more information and Windows builds of php_spidermonkey in this article: Javascript in PHP on Windows with php_spidermonkey.  Install the extension dll in PHP in the usual way.

Here is a snippet of code that uses the class 'CProxy' (defined underneath) which executes the Javascript PAC function FindProxyForURL:

Code formatted by http://hilite.me/

use DEMO\PAC\CProxy; // namespace, if required.

$proxy = new CProxy();
$proxy->LoadPAC('C:\proxy.pac'); // pac file is usually a URL
$test = $proxy->FindProxyForAddress('http://www.google.com/', true);
echo $test;

/*  
Assuming your PAC file contained something like this:

function FindProxyForURL(url, host)
{
   if ( shExpMatch(host, "*.google.*") )
   {
      return "PROXY 10.20.30.40:8000; DIRECT";
   }
   return "DIRECT";
}

this snippet would print:
    PROXY 10.20.30.40:8000; DIRECT
*/

Definition of class CProxy - it utilises and demonstrates some of the following:

1. PHP 5.4 - uses namespaces to show how they work in this scenario, and traits.
2. php_spidermonkey javascript interpreter
3. PAC (proxy-auto-config) functions 

<?php
/* This example uses a namespace, just to show how it works inside namespaces.  
Namespace can be removed. */

namespace DEMO\PAC;
use \JSContext, \Exception;

if ( !defined('JSVERSION_DEFAULT') )
{
   error_log(__FILE__ . 'CProxy not loaded, php_spidermonkey extension not detected!');
   return;
}

// global function to escape javascript strings: 

function js($str, $quotes = '\'"')
{
    return addcslashes($str,"\\$quotes\n\r<>"); 
} 

class CProxy 
{
    use PACFunctions; // include traits in this class, defined below.
    
    private $pac, $js, $proxyconfig;
    
    function __construct($pacfile=NULL, $strictJavascript=false)
    {
        // requires php_spidermonkey.dll extension.
        $js = new JSContext();
        
        if ( $strictJavascript )
        {
            $opts = $js->getOptions() | JSOPTION_STRICT | JSOPTION_WERROR;
            $prev = $js->setOptions($opts);
        }
        
        $js->registerFunction(__NAMESPACE__.'\CProxy::myIpAddress', 'myIpAddress');
        $js->registerFunction(__NAMESPACE__.'\CProxy::isPlainHostName', 'isPlainHostName');
        $js->registerFunction(__NAMESPACE__.'\CProxy::dnsDomainIs', 'dnsDomainIs');
        $js->registerFunction(__NAMESPACE__.'\CProxy::localHostOrDomainIs', 'localHostOrDomainIs');
        $js->registerFunction(__NAMESPACE__.'\CProxy::isResolvable', 'isResolvable');
        $js->registerFunction(__NAMESPACE__.'\CProxy::isInNet', 'isInNet');
        $js->registerFunction(__NAMESPACE__.'\CProxy::dnsResolve', 'dnsResolve');
        $js->registerFunction(__NAMESPACE__.'\CProxy::dnsDomainLevels', 'dnsDomainLevels');
        $js->registerFunction(__NAMESPACE__.'\CProxy::shExpMatch', 'shExpMatch');
        $js->registerFunction(__NAMESPACE__.'\CProxy::weekdayRange', 'weekdayRange');
        $js->registerFunction(__NAMESPACE__.'\CProxy::dateRange', 'dateRange');
        $js->registerFunction(__NAMESPACE__.'\CProxy::timeRange', 'timeRange');
        // I don't know what ProxyConfig is used for:
        $this->proxyconfig = new \stdClass();
        $this->proxyconfig->bindings = array();
        $js->assign('ProxyConfig', $this->proxyconfig);
        
        $this->js = $js;
        $this->LoadPAC($pacfile);
    }
    
    function FindProxyForAddress($address, $raw=false)
    {
        /* returns an array of proxy servers 
           (from preg_match_all),
           or, if $raw is true, returns
           the original string returned by 
           FindProxyForURL function. */

        if ( !$this->pac )
            return false;
        
        $parts = parse_url($address);
        $url = $address;
        
        if ( !isset($parts['port']) )
        {
            $port = '';
        }
        else if ( ($port=$parts['port']) )
        {
            $port = ':' . $port;
        } 
        
        if ( !isset($parts['host']) )
        {
            /* $address is badly formed, not sure if this is right, but 
             * return it from the beginning to the first slash. */
            if ( !isset($parts['path']) )
                return false;
            $parts['host'] = preg_replace('/(.*?)(?>\/.*$|$)/', '$1', $parts['path']);     
        }
        
        $host = $parts['host'] . $port;

        try
        {
            if ( !($rv=$this->js->evaluateScript('FindProxyForURL(\'' . js($url) . '\', \'' . js($host) . '\');', 'FindProxyForURL')) || $raw )
            {
                return $rv;
            }
        }
        catch ( Exception $ex )
        {
            return false;
        }
        return self::ReadPacResult($rv);
    }
    
    function LoadPAC($pac)
    {
        if ( $this->pac )
        {
            return NULL; // already loaded
        }
        
        if ( $pac === NULL || !$this->js )
        {
            return false; // param error or not initialised properly
        }
        
        if ( !($script = file_get_contents($pac)) )
        {
            return false; // cannot read PAC file
        }
        
        try 
        {
            $rv = $this->js->evaluateScript($script, $pac);
        }
        catch ( Exception $ex )
        {
            return false;
        }
        
        $this->pac = $script;
        return true;
    }
    
    public static function ReadPacResult($pacres)
    {
        if ( !$pacres )
            return false;
        
        // $pacres should be something like
        // PROXY 1.2.3.4:8080; PROXY 1.2.3.5:8080; DIRECT
        if ( !preg_match_all('/(PROXY|SOCKS|DIRECT)\s*([^;]*|.*?$)/ui', $pacres, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER) )
        {
            return false;
        }
        return $matches;
    }
}
?>

PAC functions written as a trait class (remember - not tested very much!):

Code formatted by http://hilite.me/

<?php
/* Define the PAC traits used in class CProxy, above. */

namespace DEMO\PAC;
use \DateTime, \DateTimeZone, \Exception;

trait PACFunctions
{
   private static $s_myIP;

 /* 
  * PAC functions:
  *  'global' functions to replicate javascript PAC environment... 
 */

   static function myIpAddress()
   {
       if ( self::$s_myIP )
       {
           return self::$s_myIP;
       }

       $vars = array('SERVER_ADDR', 'LOCAL_ADDR');
       $ip = NULL;
       $bestip = '0.0.0.0';

       foreach ( $vars as $var )
       {
           if ( isset($_SERVER[$var]) )
           {
               $ip = $_SERVER[$var];
               if ( !empty($ip) )
               {
                   if ( $ip != '127.0.0.1' )
                   {
                       return (self::$s_myIP = $ip);
                   }
                   $bestip = $ip;
               }
           }
       }

       if ( ($hn = gethostname()) && ($ip = gethostbyname($hn)) && $ip !== $hn )
       {
           return (self::$s_myIP=$ip);
       }

       return (self::$s_myIP=$bestip);
    }

    static function isPlainHostName( $host )
    {
        return strpos($host, '.')===false;
    }

    static function shExpMatch($host, $pattern)
    {
        $parts = explode('*', $pattern);
        $pattern = '';
        foreach( $parts as $part )
        {
            if ( $part === '' )
            {
                $pattern .= '.*?';
            }
            else
            {
                $pattern .= preg_quote($part, '/');
            }
        }
        return preg_match('/^'.$pattern.'$/ui', $host)===1;
    }

    static function isResolvable($host)
    {
        if ( ip2long($host) !== false )
        {
            return true;
        }
        $test = gethostbyname($host);
        return $test && ip2long($test) !== false;
    }

    static function isInNet($host, $ip, $subnet)
    {
        if ( ($longhost = ip2long($host)) === false )
        {
            $host = gethostbyname($host);
            if ( ($longhost = ip2long($host))===false )
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        $longip = ip2long($ip);
        $longsub = ip2long($subnet);
        return ($longhost&$longsub) == $longip;
    }

    static function dnsDomainIs($host, $domain)
    {
        $len = strlen($domain);
        return $len <= strlen($host) && substr($host, -$len)==$domain;
    }

    static function localHostOrDomainIs($host, $domain)
    {
        return strcasecmp($domain, substr($host, 0, strlen($domain)))===0;
    }

    static function dnsResolve($host)
    {
        return gethostbyname($host);
    }

    static function dnsDomainLevels($host)
    {
        return substr_count($host, '.');
    }

    static function weekdayRange($fr, $to=NULL, $gmt=NULL)
    {
        $days = array('mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat', 'sun');
        $fr = strtolower(substr($fr,0,3));
        if ( $gmt )
            $gmt = strtoupper($gmt);
        if ( $to === NULL )
            $to = $fr;
        else if ( strcasecmp($to, 'GMT')==0 )
        {
            $to = $fr;
            $gmt = 'GMT';
        }
        else
            $to = strtolower(substr($to,0,3));

        if ( $gmt == 'GMT' )
        {
            $tzn = 'UTC';
        }
        else if ( !($tzn = ini_get('date.timezone')) )
        {
            $tzn = 'Europe/London';
        }
        $tz = new DateTimeZone($tzn);
        $today = strtolower( (new DateTime('now',$tz))->format('D') );

        foreach ( $days as $wd=>$day )
        {
            if ( $fr == $day )
                $fr = $wd+1;
            if ( $to == $day )
                $to = $wd+1;
            if ( $today == $day )
                $today = $wd+1;
        }

        if ( !(int)$today || !(int)$fr || !(int)$to )
            return false;

        // FRI = 5
        // MON = 1
        // THU = 4
        // is THU in FRI - MON ??
        if ( $fr > $to )
        {
            return $today >= $fr || $today <= $to;
        }

        return $today >= $fr && $today <= $to;
    }

    static function dateRange($day1, $month1=NULL, $year1=NULL, $day2=NULL, $month2=NULL, $year2=NULL, $gmt=NULL)
    {
        $args = array($day1, $month1, $year1, $day2, $month2, $year2, $gmt);

        $RationaliseArgs = function(&$arg)
        {
            $isgmt = 0;

            for ( $ct=0 ; $ct < 6 ; $ct += 3 )
            {
                if ( (int)$arg[$ct] > 31 )
                {
                    // 1st arg is a year, insert blank day and month
                    array_splice($arg, $ct, 0, array(0,''));
                }
                else if ( (int)$arg[$ct] )
                {
                    // 1st arg is day
                    if ( (int)$arg[$ct+1] )
                    {
                        // 2nd arg must be a day.   2nd arg can't be year if 1st arg is a day.
                        array_splice($arg, $ct+1, 0, array('',0)); // insert blank month and year
                    }
                    else if ( $arg[$ct+1]===NULL || strcasecmp($arg[$ct+1], 'GMT')==0 )
                    {
                        // nothing else after the day.
                        array_splice($arg, $ct+1, 0, array('',0)); // insert blank month and year.
                    }
                    else if ( (int)$arg[$ct+2] && (int)$arg[$ct+2] <= 31 ) // month supplied, test what's after month
                    {
                        // month followed by day...  insert blank year...
                        array_splice($arg, $ct+2, 0, array(0)); // insert empty year1 and shift arg2 to 2nd date.
                    }
                }
                else if ( is_string($arg[$ct]) )
                {
                    if ( strcasecmp($arg[$ct], 'GMT')==0 )
                    {
                        if ( !$ct )
                        {
                            return false; // error, 1st arg cannot be 'GMT'.
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    // 1st arg is month
                    array_splice($arg, $ct, 0, array(0)); // insert a blank day.
                    if ( (int)$arg[$ct+2] <= 31 ) // month not followed by a year
                    {
                        // insert a blank year...
                        array_splice($arg, $ct+2, 0, array(0));
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if ( $ct && $arg[$ct] === NULL ) // only 1 date supplied.  ok.
                        return 1;
                    return false; // error
                }
            }

            if ( strcasecmp($arg[$ct], 'GMT')==0 )
            {
                $isgmt = 1;
                $arg[$ct] = 'GMT';
            }

            array_splice($arg, 7);

            return $ct/3;
        };

        if ( !($cd = $RationaliseArgs($args, $gmt)) )
        {
            return false;
        }

        list($day1, $month1, $year1, $day2, $month2, $year2, $gmt) = $args;

        if ( $gmt == 'GMT' )
        {
            $tzn = 'UTC';
        }
        else if ( !($tzn = ini_get('date.timezone')) )
        {
            $tzn = 'Europe/London';
        }
        $tz = new DateTimeZone($tzn);
        $now = new DateTime('now',$tz);

        $thisyear = $now->format('Y');
        $thismonth = 'Jan'; //  a month with 31 days.
        $thisday = $now->format('d');

        try
        {
            $from = new \DateTime(($year1 ? $year1 : $thisyear) . '-' . ($month1 ? $month1 : $thismonth) . '-' . ($day1 ? $day1 : $thisday), $tz);
            if ( !$day1 )
                $day2 = 0;
            if ( !$month1 )
                $month2 = '';
            if ( !$year1 )
                $year2 = 0;
            if ( $day2 || $month2 || $year2 )
            {
                $to = new \DateTime(($year2 ? $year2 : $thisyear) . '-' . ($month2 ? $month2 : $thismonth) . '-' . ($day2 ? $day2 : $thisday), $tz);
            }
            else
                $to = NULL;
        }
        catch ( Exception $ex )
        {
            return false; // data error, an arg is incorrect
        }

        $dateformat = ($year1 ? 'Y' : '') . ($month1 ? 'm' : '') . ($day1 ? 'd' : '');

        $test = $now->format($dateformat);
        $lhs = $from->format($dateformat);

        if ( !$to )
        {
            return $test == $lhs;
        }

        $rhs = $to->format($dateformat);
        if ( $rhs < $lhs && $dateformat{0} != 'Y' )
        {
            return $test >= $lhs || $test <= $rhs;
        }
        return $test >= $lhs && $test <= $rhs;
    }

    static function timeRange($hour1, $min1=NULL, $sec1=NULL, $hour2=NULL, $min2=NULL, $sec2=NULL, $gmt=NULL)
    {
        $args = array($hour1, $min1, $sec1, $hour2, $min2, $sec2, $gmt);
        for ( $ct=0 ; $ct < count($args) && $args[$ct] !== NULL && strcasecmp($args[$ct], 'GMT') ; ++$ct ) ;

        if ( !$ct )
            return false; // arg error

        if ( ($gmt = (strcasecmp($args[$ct], 'GMT')==0))  )
        {
            $tzn = 'UTC';
        }
        else if ( !($tzn = ini_get('date.timezone')) )
        {
            $tzn = 'Europe/London';
        }
        $tz = new DateTimeZone($tzn);
        $now = new DateTime('now',$tz);
        
        /* $ct is the number of args (excluding any 'GMT' value).
         * if 6 args supplied, full time specified, else... */
        if ( $ct == 4 ) // range of hours+minutes
        {
            // hour and minute supplied
            $min2 = $hour2;
            $hour2 = $sec1;
            $sec1 = $sec2 = 0;
            $fmt = 'Hi';
        }
        else if ( $ct < 3 ) // range of hours (1 or 2)
        {
            $hour2 = ($ct==2 ? $min1 : $hour1);
            $min1 = $sec1 = $min2 = $sec2 = 0;
            $fmt = 'H';
        }
        else if ( $ct == 6 )
        {
            $fmt = 'His';
        }
        else
        {
            return false; // parameters not specified properly
        }
        
        try
        {
            $lhs = new \DateTime( ($dt=$now->format('Y-m-d')) . ' ' . (int)$hour1 . ':' . (int)$min1 . ':' . $sec1, $tz);
            $rhs = (( $ct == 1 ) ? NULL : new \DateTime( $dt . ' ' . (int)$hour2 . ':' . (int)$min2 . ':' . $sec2, $tz));
        }
        catch ( Exception $ex )
        {
            // datetime not recognised, so parameter probably out of range
            return false;
        }

        $nowtime = $now->format($fmt);
        $ltime = $lhs->format($fmt);
        if ( $rhs === NULL )
        {
            return $nowtime == $ltime;
        }
        $rtime = $rhs->format($fmt);
        if ( $ltime > $rtime )
        {
            return $nowtime >= $ltime || $nowtime <= $rtime;
        }
        return $nowtime >= $ltime && $nowtime <= $rtime;
    }
}

?>

A Brief History of Java and JDBC

ADODB with PHP and oracle

Oracle is the popular commercial database which is being used with the PHP.There are vaious ways to connect to oracle database.ADODB library is one of the fastest way to connect php with the oracle database.It has Has multi-tier design. Simple high-level design for beginners, and also lower-level advanced Oracle functionality.ADODB provide very high speed databse connectivity with catching and fastest database abstaction.It also allow multiple prepare statement.

An example to connect php with oracle using ADODB library is as follows.

include"/path/to/adodb.inc.php";
$db = NewADOConnection("oci8");
$db->Connect($tnsName, "scott", "tiger");

$rs = $db->Execute("select * from emp where empno>:emp order by empno",
                array('emp' => 7900));
while ($arr = $rs->FetchRow())
{
print_r($arr);

}

The Execute( ) function returns a recordset object, and you can retrieve the rows returned using $recordset->FetchRow( ).
You can also query the database using the standard Microsoft ADO MoveNext( ) metaphor. The data array for the current row is stored in the fields property of the recordset object, $rs. MoveNext( ) offers the highest performance among all the techniques for iterating through a recordset:

$rs = $db->Execute("select * from emp where empno>:emp", array('emp' => 7900));
while (!$rs->EOF) {
 print_r($rs->fields);
 $rs->MoveNext();
}

For easy pagination support, we provide the SelectLimit function. The following will perform a select query, limiting it to 100 rows, starting from row 201 (row 1 being the 1st row):

$offset = 200; $limitrows = 100;
$rs = $db->SelectLimit('select * from table', $limitrows, $offset);

Caching

You can define a database cache directory using $ADODB_CACHE_DIR, and cache the results of frequently used queries that rarely change. This is particularly useful for SQL with complex where clauses and group-by's and order-by's. It is also good for relieving heavily-loaded database servers.The following example will cache the following select statement for 7200 seconds

$ADODB_CACHE_DIR = '/var/tmp';
$rs = $db->CacheExecute(7200, "select names from allcountries order by 1");

Using Prepare statements

Prepare( ) is for compiling frequently used SQL statement for reuse. For example, suppose we have a large array which needs to be inserted into an Oracle database. The following will result in a massive speedup in query execution (at least 20-40%), as the SQL statement only needs to be compiled once: