Archive for June 2013

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42 tips for optimizing your php code

• If a method can be static, declare it static. Speed improvement is by a factor of 4.
• echo is faster than print.
• Use echo's multiple parameters instead of string concatenation.
• Set the maxvalue for your for-loops before and not in the loop.
• Unset your variables to free memory, especially large arrays.
• Avoid magic like __get, __set, __autoload
• require_once() is expensive
• Use full paths in includes and requires, less time spent on resolving the OS paths.
• If you need to find out the time when the script started executing, $_SERVER[’REQUEST_TIME’] is preferred to time()
• See if you can use strncasecmp, strpbrk and stripos instead of regex
• str_replace is faster than preg_replace, but strtr is faster than str_replace by a factor of 4
• If the function, such as string replacement function, accepts both arrays and single characters as arguments, and if your argument list is not too long, consider writing a few redundant replacement statements, passing one character at a time, instead of one line of code that accepts arrays as search and replace arguments.
• It's better to use switch statements than multi if, else if, statements.
• Error suppression with @ is very slow.
• Turn on apache's mod_deflate
• Close your database connections when you're done with them
• $row[’id’] is 7 times faster than $row[id]
• Error messages are expensive
• Do not use functions inside of for loop, such as for ($x=0; $x < count($array); $x) The count() function gets called each time.
• Incrementing a local variable in a method is the fastest. Nearly the same as calling a local variable in a function.
• Incrementing a global variable is 2 times slow than a local var.
• Incrementing an object property (eg. $this->prop++) is 3 times slower than a local variable.
• Incrementing an undefined local variable is 9-10 times slower than a pre-initialized one.
• Just declaring a global variable without using it in a function also slows things down (by about the same amount as incrementing a local var). PHP probably does a check to see if the global exists.
• Method invocation appears to be independent of the number of methods defined in the class because I added 10 more methods to the test class (before and after the test method) with no change in performance.
• Methods in derived classes run faster than ones defined in the base class.
• A function call with one parameter and an empty function body takes about the same time as doing 7-8 $localvar++ operations. A similar method call is of course about 15 $localvar++ operations.
• Surrounding your string by ' instead of " will make things interpret a little faster since php looks for variables inside "..." but not inside '...'. Of course you can only do this when you don't need to have variables in the string.
• When echoing strings it's faster to separate them by comma instead of dot. Note: This only works with echo, which is a function that can take several strings as arguments.
• A PHP script will be served at least 2-10 times slower than a static HTML page by Apache. Try to use more static HTML pages and fewer scripts.
• Your PHP scripts are recompiled every time unless the scripts are cached. Install a PHP caching product to typically increase performance by 25-100% by removing compile times.
• Cache as much as possible. Use memcached - memcached is a high-performance memory object caching system intended to speed up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load. OP code caches are useful so that your script does not have to be compiled on every request
• When working with strings and you need to check that the string is either of a certain length you'd understandably would want to use the strlen() function. This function is pretty quick since it's operation does not perform any calculation but merely return the already known length of a string available in the zval structure (internal C struct used to store variables in PHP). However because strlen() is a function it is still somewhat slow because the function call requires several operations such as lowercase & hashtable lookup followed by the execution of said function. In some instance you can improve the speed of your code by using an isset() trick.


Ex.

if (strlen($foo) < 5) { echo "Foo is too short"; }

vs.

if (!isset($foo{5})) { echo "Foo is too short"; }


Calling isset() happens to be faster then strlen() because unlike strlen(), isset() is a language construct and not a function meaning that it's execution does not require function lookups and lowercase. This means you have virtually no overhead on top of the actual code that determines the string's length.
• When incrementing or decrementing the value of the variable $i++ happens to be a tad slower then ++$i. This is something PHP specific and does not apply to other languages, so don't go modifying your C or Java code thinking it'll suddenly become faster, it won't. ++$i happens to be faster in PHP because instead of 4 opcodes used for $i++ you only need 3. Post incrementation actually causes in the creation of a temporary var that is then incremented. While pre-incrementation increases the original value directly. This is one of the optimization that opcode optimized like Zend's PHP optimizer. It is a still a good idea to keep in mind since not all opcode optimizers perform this optimization and there are plenty of ISPs and servers running without an opcode optimizer.
• Not everything has to be OOP, often it is too much overhead, each method and object call consumes a lot of memory.
• Do not implement every data structure as a class, arrays are useful, too
• Don't split methods too much, think, which code you will really re-use
• You can always split the code of a method later, when needed
• Make use of the countless predefined functions
• If you have very time consuming functions in your code, consider writing them as C extensions
• Profile your code. A profiler shows you, which parts of your code consumes how many time. The Xdebug debugger already contains a profiler. Profiling shows you the bottlenecks in overview
• mod_gzip which is available as an Apache module compresses your data on the fly and can reduce the data to transfer up to 80%

$_POST() in php

<?php

if(isset($_POST['name'])&&isset($_POST['age']))
{
  $name=$_POST['name'];
  $age=$_POST['age'];
  if(!empty($name)&&!empty($age))
  {
   echo '<center>you filled both fields<br><br></center>';
  }
  else
  {
   echo '<center>you not filled both fields<br><br></center>';
  }

}

?>
<center><form action="post.php" method="POST">

               NAME :<input type="text" name="name">

               AGE  :<input type="text" name="age">

                <input type="submit" value="submit">
</form></center>

output :


output :

after filled all fields you clicked on submit button just vies on address bar
it not displays you entered data

Control structures in php: foreach

PHP 4 introduced a foreach construct, much like Perl and some other languages. This simply gives an easy way to iterate over arrays. foreach works only on arrays, and will issue an error when you try to use it on a variable with a different data type or an uninitialized variable. There are two syntaxes; the second is a minor but useful extension of the first:

foreach (array_expression as $value)
statement
foreach (array_expression as $key => $value)
statement


The first form loops over the array given by array_expression. On each loop, the value of the current element is assigned to $value and the internal array pointer is advanced by one (so on the next loop, you'll be looking at the next element).
The second form does the same thing, except that the current element's key will be assigned to the variable $key on each loop.
As of PHP 5, it is possible to iterate objects too.
Note: When foreach first starts executing, the internal array pointer is automatically reset to the first element of the array. This means that you do not need to call reset() before a foreach loop.
Note: Unless the array is referenced, foreach operates on a copy of the specified array and not the array itself. foreach has some side effects on the array pointer. Don't rely on the array pointer during or after the foreach without resetting it.

As of PHP 5, you can easily modify array's elements by preceding $value with &. This will assign reference instead of copying the value.

<?php
$arr = array(1, 2, 3, 4);
foreach ($arr as &$value) {
$value = $value * 2;
}
// $arr is now array(2, 4, 6, 8)
unset($value); // break the reference with the last element
?>

This is possible only if iterated array can be referenced (i.e. is variable).
Warning
Reference of a $value and the last array element remain even after the foreach loop. It is recommended to destroy it by unset().
Note: foreach does not support the ability to suppress error messages using '@'.
You may have noticed that the following are functionally identical:

<?php
$arr = array("one", "two", "three");
reset($arr);
while (list(, $value) = each($arr)) {
echo "Value: $value<br />\n";
}

foreach ($arr as $value) {
echo "Value: $value<br />\n";
}
?>

The following are also functionally identical:

<?php
$arr = array("one", "two", "three");
reset($arr);
while (list($key, $value) = each($arr)) {
echo "Key: $key; Value: $value<br />\n";
}

foreach ($arr as $key => $value) {
echo "Key: $key; Value: $value<br />\n";
}
?>

Some more examples to demonstrate usages:

<?php
/* foreach example 1: value only */

$a = array(1, 2, 3, 17);

foreach ($a as $v) {
echo "Current value of \$a: $v.\n";
}

/* foreach example 2: value (with key printed for illustration) */

$a = array(1, 2, 3, 17);

$i = 0; /* for illustrative purposes only */

foreach ($a as $v) {
echo "\$a[$i] => $v.\n";
$i++;
}

/* foreach example 3: key and value */

$a = array(
"one" => 1,
"two" => 2,
"three" => 3,
"seventeen" => 17
);

foreach ($a as $k => $v) {
echo "\$a[$k] => $v.\n";
}

/* foreach example 4: multi-dimensional arrays */
$a = array();
$a[0][0] = "a";
$a[0][1] = "b";
$a[1][0] = "y";
$a[1][1] = "z";

foreach ($a as $v1) {
foreach ($v1 as $v2) {
echo "$v2\n";
}
}

/* foreach example 5: dynamic arrays */

foreach (array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) as $v) {
echo "$v\n";
}
?>

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Capítulo 18: Networking y FTP usando PHP

Funciones de FTP:

Uno de los problemas no solucionados por la mayoría de los lenguajes de scripting para la web es la transferencia de archivos entre diversos sites, usando NFS (Network file system) es posible crear zonas de un file-system que sean compartidas por más de un site, pero esto obliga a usar NFS, a tener una sobrecarga administrativa y además insertar varios problemas de seguridad delicados relacionados con NFS. El método más seguro y confiable para transferir archivos, PHP provee funciones nativas para usar FTP en forma directa desde un script php, las funciones más usadas son las siguientes:

ftp_handler=ftp_connect(host);

Ejemplo

$ftp=ftp_connect(“100.100.100.100”);

Si el puerto de FTP no es el default (21) se puede pasar como segundo parámetro de ftp_connect, la función devuelve un handler a ser usado por el resto de las funciones de FTP.
Devuelve true/false segun el éxito o fracaso de la conexión.

int=ftp_login(ftp_handler,string_user,string_password);

Realiza un login a la conexión FTP indicada por el handler. (devuelve true/false según el éxito o fracaso del login)

int=ftp_chdir(ftp_handler, string_directory);

Cambia al directorio especificado como segundo parámetro dentro de la conexión ftp abierta para el ftp_handler pasado.Devuelve true/false

int=ftp_get (ftp_handler, string_local_file, string_remote_file, int mode);

Transfiere el archivo string_remote_file a la maquina donde corre el script creandolo con el path indicado en string_local_file, el modo debe ser una constante que puede ser FTP_BINARY o FTP_ASCII

Ejemplo

$ret=ftp_get($ftp,”/temp/cosa.dat”,”cosa.dat”,FTP_BINARY);

Notar que no deben usarse comillas en el cuarto parámetro por tratarse de una constante y no de un string.

int=ftp_fget (ftp_handler, file_handler, string_remote_file, int mode)

Idem anterior pero el segundo parámetro es un handler a un archivo abierto con fopen en donde se guardaran los datos leídos desde la conexión ftp.

int=ftp_put (ftp_handler, string_remote_file, string_local_file, int mode)

Transfiere un archivo local indicado por string_local_file mediante la conexión ftp abierta creando un archivo de nombre string_remote_file.

int=ftp_fput (ftp_handler, string_remote_file, file_handler, int mode)

Idem anterior pero el archivo a trasnferir se indica por el file_handler de un archivo abierto con fopen.

string=ftp_mkdir (ftp_handler, string_directory)

Crea un directorio en la conexión ftp abierta, devuelve el nombre del directorio creado o falso si no pudo crearlo.

int=ftp_rmdir (ftp_handler, string directory)

Elimina el directorio indicado, devuelve true/false.

int=ftp_cdup (ftp_handler)

Cambia al directorio padre del actual.

array=ftp_rawlist (ftp_handler, string_directory)

Devuelve un vector con la lista de archivos presentes en el directorio indicado de acuerdo al comando FTP ftp_list, el resultado es un vector donde cada elemento del vector es una línea devuelta por ftp_list.

int=ftp_size (ftp_handler, string_remote_file)

Devuelve el tamaño del archivo indicado.

ftp_quit(ftp_handler);

Se desconecta de la conexión ftp realizada con ftp_connect.

Networking en PHP:

PHP dispone de varias funciones de networking la más usada y la más flexible es fsockopen que permite conectarse a un socket en un host determinado por una dirección IP y un puerto, mediante esta funcion es posible conectarse a servidores HTPP, FTP, Telnet, IMAP, POP3 y otros protocolos.
Es de destacar que la funcionalidad de Networking de PHP es como CLIENTE, PHP no puede crear un socket con nombre y hacer un “listen” de conexiones a dicho port por lo que no puede funcionar como servidor. La sintaxis de fsockopen es:

file_handler=fsockopen (string_hostname, int port , int errno , string_errstr , double timeout)

Los tres últimos parámetros son opcionales.
Hostname es el nombre o dirección IP del host al cual conectarse.
Port es el número de puerto al cual conectarse en el host.
errno debe ser una referencia a una variable en donde se guarda el número de error en caso de no poder conectarse.
errstr es una referencia a una variable en donde se guarda un mensaje de error en caso de no poder conectarse
El timeout es el tiempo máximo a esperar por la conexión en segundos.
Devuelve un file handler o false según pueda o no conectarse. El file hanlder devuelto puede luego usarse como un archivo normal usando fgets, fputs, feof, fclose, etc...

Ejemplo:

$fp = fsockopen ("www.php.net", 80, &$errno, &$errstr, 30);
if (!$fp) {
echo "$errstr ($errno)
\n";
} else {
fputs ($fp, "GET / HTTP/1.0\n\n");
while (!feof($fp)) {
echo fgets ($fp,128);
}
fclose ($fp);
}

En este ejemplo abrimos el puerto 80 (Protocolo HTTP) de un host (www.php.net )
Luego ponemos en el socket un request de HTTP y entramos en un loop recuperando el contenido que devuelve el server. Es un mini simulador de browser HTTP.

Edit Assignment #2:

Edit Assignment #2: Basically meets the requirements.

File edited:

1) headerINC.php, Time spent: 10 mins

Learnt: How the include a file to construct a header.

2) hNavINC.php, Time spent: 10 mins

Learnt: How to include a file to construct a header.

3) navINC.php, Time spent: 10 mins

Learnt: How to include a file to construct a navigation column.

4) footerINC.php, Time spent: 10 mins

Learnt: How to include a file to construct a footer.

5) template2.css, Time spent: 5 mins

Learnt: To include a cuscading style sheet to make simple changes affecting al files that include it.

6) index.php, Time spent: 1 hr 30 mins

Learnt: To use template, include PHP files, array, and CSS.

7) email.php, Time spent: 1 hr 20 mins

Learnt: To create a form to send e-mail back to the author, or any other targeted receiver. Also to use template, include PHP files, array, and CSS.

8) const.php is update with new links.

9) pagedesc.xls is updated with new files created.

10) theSitePlan.doc remain the same.

What Is PHP?

PHP is an open-source, server-side, HTML-embedded Web-scripting language that is compatible with all the major Web servers (most notably Apache). PHP enables you to embed code fragments in normal HTML pages — code that is interpreted as your pages are served up to users. PHP also serves as a “glue” language, making it easy to connect your Web pages to server-side databases.

PHP function REMOTE_ADDR is not working

$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] is actually used for getting the IP address from which the user is viewing the current page. But if user is browsing from a company or cafe we will get gateway ip address only. In such situations we can use the following functions

function getUserIP()
{
$ip = "";

if (isset($_SERVER))
{
if (isset($_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"])){
$ip = $_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"];
} elseif (isset($_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"])) {
$ip = $_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"];
} else {
$ip = $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"];
}
}
else {
if ( getenv( 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR' ) ) {
$ip = getenv( 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR' );
} elseif ( getenv( 'HTTP_CLIENT_IP' ) ) {
$ip = getenv( 'HTTP_CLIENT_IP' );
} else {
$ip = getenv( 'REMOTE_ADDR' );
}
}
return $ip;
}

What is an object in PHP

Basic understanding about PHP object

 

Before entering into the depth of PHP Object Oriented Programmingconcept at first we need to understand what is an object in PHP. The object is nothing but it’s a real world entity. For example, a human, your dog, your bicycle, your desk everything are real world object. Every object has two attributes state and behavior. A human has many state and behavior such as

  • Human state: hands, legs, mouth etc.
  • Human behavior: moving hands, walking leg etc.

You can hone your skill by identifying real world objects with state and behavior. Think about your table lamp. It has two state off and on and has two behavior turning off and turning on.

In PHP object oriented programming we use state as a variable and behavior as a method. Object oriented method is actually a PHP function and within function we use variable that is actually object state. A method perform specific works by combining it's internal state.Using methods we hide internal state from the outside world is known as data encapsulation…. that is the foundation of PHP object oriented programming.  Binding object into methods give us huge benefits such as modularity, information hiding, securing data, code re-use etc. So we think every real world entity is an object and that object perform a specific task.

 

Every real world entity is an Object 

 

In PHP coding you need to think everything as an object. Remember that every real world entity is a PHP object. Entity and instance is a relative word. So don't confuse with those world. For example, such that we want to create a blog using PHP with object oriented programming. So you need to think the blog is an object. To be a PHP object oriented programmer you need to think everything as an object.  

Traditional PHP programming language doesn't perform well. If we launch a software using traditional PHP and after launch if we want to extend functionality, re-use the code and hide software source code from hackers…….actually it is very tough for us without the help of PHP object oriented programming. So now it’s time to enter PHP object oriented programming world.

Apache won't run after installing XAMPP on Windows 7

So you installed XAMPP on your windows 7 pc and Apache won't run. Well you're not alone.  To resolve the issue, simply click the "Svc" checkbox next to Apache in the XAMPP Control Panel Application (see below). After you check it, click "Yes" if Windows asks if you want to allow the program to make changes to your computer. Then restart and Apache should be started.  You will then be able to start and stop the service. 


The reason you have to do this is because Windows 7 has a service called http.sys which starts automatically and uses port 80. Running Apache as an automatic service causes apache to start before the http.sys service. This allows apache to get port 80 before http.sys starts.  I found the solution here.